Ouarzazate: Africa’s Hollywood
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Ouarzazate, often referred to as the "Hollywood of Africa," is a unique and captivating city located in southeastern Morocco. Known for its stunning landscapes and rich history, it serves as a major center for film production and tourism. This article explores what makes Ouarzazate a standout destination, from its geographical features and historical significance to its role in the film industry.
A Geographical Marvel
Ouarzazate’s diverse geography is one of its most distinctive features. The city is surrounded by towering mountains that reach elevations of over 1,000 meters. These mountains contrast with the vast sand dunes, arid desert landscapes, and dry riverbeds in the region. Additionally, Ouarzazate is home to beautiful oases and clear, natural springs. The local flora includes unique species such as date palms, henna plants, and saffron, adding to the region’s natural allure.
The name "Ouarzazate" comes from the Berber language, combining "War," meaning "without," and "Zazat," meaning "noise." This name reflects the city’s tranquil environment, nestled peacefully at the foot of the High Atlas Mountains.
Strategic Location
Ouarzazate is strategically located in southeastern Morocco, about 600 kilometers south of the capital, Rabat, and approximately 200 kilometers southeast of Marrakech. It serves as the administrative capital of the Ouarzazate Province within the Drâa-Tafilalet region. This prime location, combined with its breathtaking natural beauty, has made Ouarzazate a popular destination for both tourists and filmmakers.
A Growing Population
As of 2014, the population of Ouarzazate exceeded 71,000 residents. The city has experienced significant growth over the past decade, with its population rising from 56,000 to 71,000. This increase reflects Ouarzazate’s expanding role as a major center for film production.
Many locals are involved in the film industry, not only as extras but also in crucial roles such as set design, sound and lighting, and prop production. In addition to the film industry, many residents work in tourism-related fields, including as tour guides, travel organizers, and hospitality services.
Historical Background
Ouarzazate is relatively modern compared to Morocco’s ancient cities. The city as we know it was established only about a century ago, with its initial purpose being a French military outpost until 1920. The numerous forts and citadels in the area indicate that it was an important military station and a refuge for its original inhabitants.
The city’s recent history, characterized by its natural beauty and diverse landscapes, has enabled it to become a prominent center for Moroccan and global cinema. Ouarzazate’s status as a "sister city" to Los Angeles, the heart of the global film industry, further underscores its cinematic importance.
Economic Impact
Ouarzazate, often called the "Hollywood of Africa," has significantly contributed to Morocco’s economy by attracting foreign investment. Incentive laws allow foreign film companies to recover a portion of their filming expenses, which has been a major factor in this success.
The Moroccan government has also reduced taxes on film productions, making Ouarzazate a more appealing location compared to Europe and the U.S. This favorable tax environment has attracted film and television projects from around the world.
The city also features an active international airport, facilitating the arrival of film crews, equipment, and tourists, further boosting the local economy.
Key Attractions
Ouarzazate is renowned for its historical citadels. Among the most notable is **Ait Benhaddou**, a prime example of medieval Moroccan architecture. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987, Ait Benhaddou’s striking location and monumental construction make it a must-see. Its architecture, built from local materials, reflects the cultural heritage of the region.
These citadels, known as "Kasbahs," are fascinating archaeological sites made from clay and adorned with intricate designs unique to Moroccan civilization.
Another significant citadel is **Amridil**, built in the 17th century, which has hosted several famous films. **Taourirt Kasbah**, notable for its ancient wall and ceiling carvings, is another historical gem worth visiting.
Exploring the desert is a popular activity for tourists, offering a chance to experience the majestic sand dunes and serene desert landscapes. Day trips into the heart of the Sahara provide an unforgettable adventure, showcasing the natural splendor of the region.
Notable Films Shot in Ouarzazate
Ouarzazate has been the filming location for numerous international films. The city’s film history began with "The Moroccan Goat Herd" in 1897 and has since included many notable productions.
Some renowned films shot in Ouarzazate include "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962), "The Man Who Would Be King" (1975), "The Jewel of the Nile" (1985), and "Gladiator" (2000). Other films include "The Mummy" (1999), "The Return of the Mummy" (2001), and "Kingdom of Heaven" (2005).
Major Studios
Ouarzazate is home to some of the world’s largest film studio complexes. **Atlas Studios**, established in 1983, covers 21,000 square meters (5 acres) and has expanded to 126,000 square meters (30 acres). This extensive studio complex includes workshops for various film professions, explosive sites, stables for hundreds of horses and camels, production offices, and three differently-sized filming studios.
**Kanzaman Studios**, located 10 kilometers from Ouarzazate, spans approximately 252,000 square meters (60 acres). It includes production offices, editing suites, storage areas, artist restrooms, exhibitions, shops, cafes, restaurants, sports fields, a traditional-style hotel, and a film training center with four differently-sized studios.
**Astro Studios**, established in 1992 near the historic **Sidi Daoud** citadel, was used for filming the TV series "Le Peuple," produced by Italian company **Astro** and American company **TNT**.
Conclusion
Ouarzazate’s unique blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and cinematic appeal makes it a standout destination in Morocco and beyond. Known as the "Hollywood of Africa," the city continues to attract filmmakers and tourists alike, offering a rich tapestry of experiences that range from exploring ancient kasbahs and vibrant oases to immersing oneself in the magic of the desert.
Whether drawn by the allure of its film studios, the charm of its historical sites, or the breathtaking landscapes that surround it, Ouarzazate promises a memorable adventure. Its role as a cultural and cinematic hub not only enhances its local economy but also contributes to its growing global reputation as a premier destination for both tourism and film production.